Astronauts went out there and saw strange things that took a toll on their lives. Claudie Haigneré is one of them.
The incident took place in 2008 but was once again brought into attention by the controversial death of Max Spiers. Spiers was a British UFO investigator who was found dead on a friend’s couch after texting his mother that she should start an investigation if anything happened to him. It seems that those who encounter or pursue extraterrestrials are destined to get in trouble.
Claudie Haigneré is a French doctor and politician but prior to that, she was an astronaut. In 1996, Claudie and her husband, Jean-Pierre Haigneré spent more than two weeks aboard the Russian MIR space station.
Having studied rheumatology and neuroscience, Claudie’s outer space research aimed to provide insights about how astronauts...
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We thought we had seen everything but JWST just took it to another level.
JWST surprised us in October with two new images of the famous Pillars of Creation, a cosmic feature of dust and gas made famous by Hubble. The images were captured by two different JWST instruments: the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and the Mid-Infrared Camera (MIRI), which perceive the universe in slightly different ways. The combined view is now available, and it is greater than the sum of its parts.
The NIRCam reveals thousands of newly formed stars and the glittering firmament of established stellar bodies, while the MIRI captures the layer of cool and hot dust from the grayscale layers of the pillars, as well as the orange and purple structure that shields the field of view from more distant light. New details about these incredible structures has emerged. The lava-red structures seen in the pillars, particularly the middle one, are among the most intriguing features. These are the locations where the youngest stars are most active in terms of producing supersonic jets of material as they grow. They are thought to be only a few hundred thousand years old.
The new view of the Pillars provided by JWST will assist astronomers in developing a better 3D view of the star-forming region, resulting in a better understanding of how and where stars form.Astronomers predict that a distant supernova previously imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope will be visible from Earth again in 2037.
The Requiem supernova is the result of a stellar explosion 10 billion light-years away. Because of a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing, it was visible to the legendary space observatory three times in 2016.
What is gravitational lensing?
Gravitational lensing occurs when supermassive celestial bodies bend and split light, magnifying and distorting images of objects behind them. In the case of supernova Requiem, a massive galaxy cluster known as MACS J0138.0-2155 acted as a magnifying glass, revealing the stellar explosion in three different snapshots based on the three different paths the supernova’s light took through the cluster.
The prediction that the supernova will be visible again (though not to the naked eye) is based on computer modeling of the distribution of matter within the cluster, which is 4 billion light-years from Earth.
The final display of the supernova will be delayed by more than two decades compared to the previous three sightings because the light carrying the last image must travel through the cluster’s central part, which is also the densest due to the concentration of dark matter, a team of European and American researchers said in a statement.
"This is the last one to arrive because it’s like a train that has to go deep down into a valley and climb back out again," Steve Rodney, an astronomer at the University of South Carolina and lead scientist on the new research predicting Requiem’s return, said in the statement. "That’s the slowest kind of trip for light."
The previous three sightings
were found by accident in Hubble’s archived data in 2019, three years after the observatory acquired the images.
Gabe Brammer, an astronomer at Denmark’s University of Copenhagen, discovered the supernova by chance while searching for unknown distant galaxies as part of an ongoing research program called REsolved QUIEscent Magnified Galaxies (REQUIEM), hence the supernova’s name.
At first, he only noticed one small dot in the 2016 images and assumed it was a galaxy hidden far behind the massive cluster and visible due to gravitational lensing.
A supernova explosion lasts only a few minutes. Its bright flash of light fades quickly and completely vanishes within a year.
Closer inspection of the images revealed that the bright dots were surrounded by dusty smears, which were most likely magnified snapshots of the supernova’s host galaxy.
Rodney, Brammer, and astronomer Johan Richard of the University of Lyon in France collaborated to investigate the event further. They created maps of the distribution of dark matter in the cluster based on the three observations to better understand how gravity bends and distorts light. In addition to the 2037 sighting, they calculated that the supernova might be visible again in 2042, but it will most likely be too faint to produce any valuable observations.
was published in the journal Nature Astronomy.by Ignat
Scientists may have discovered the source of recently active volcanism on Mars.
A massive, 4,000-kilometer (roughly 2,500-mile) wide convection plume in the Martian mantle could be driving molten magma up to the surface beneath a broad plain called the Elysium Planitia. This could explain several lines of evidence pointing to a volcanic Mars.
"Our results demonstrate that the interior of Mars is geodynamically active today," write planetary geophysicists Adrien Broquet and Jeffrey Andrews-Hanna of the University of Arizona, "and imply that volcanism has been driven by mantle plumes from the formation of the Hesperian volcanic provinces and Tharsis is the past to Elysium Planitia today."
Mars has demonstrated very convincing evidence of being geologically dead, both inside and out. Its relatively old surface, which appears to be devoid of recent volcanic resurfacing and tectonic motion, and the absence of a global magnetic field have been held up as reasons to believe there’s nothing but firm, motionless rock all the way down to the core.
Recent observations have cast serious doubt on the idea of a completely dead Mars. A meteorite from Mars that made its way to Earth, for example, showed signs of mantle convection as recently as half a billion years ago.
Then, in a fissure system known as the Cerberus Fossae, satellite photos revealed evidence of volcanic surface deposits as young as 50,000 years old.
Then, Mars InSight, a lander that has been watching the interior of Mars since November 2018, discovered a significant amount of ongoing seismic activity that is consistent with volcanism.There have been a few other strange observations. The local gravity field of Elysium Planitia, for example, is unusually strong, indicating subsurface activity.
Broquet and Andres Hanna gathered topographical, gravity, geological, and seismic data and set about developing a model to fit it.
A mantle plume, according to their analysis, checks all the boxes. These are hot interior material upwellings that push against a planet’s core-mantle boundary, forcing magma upwards and forming crustal hotspots and surface volcanism.
To match the observed data – including seismic activity epicenters detected by InSight – the plume would be at least 3,500 kilometers across and 95 to 285 Kelvin warmer than its surroundings. That’s a temperature range of 95 to 285 degrees Celsius, or 171 to 513 degrees Fahrenheit.This is very similar to the prehistoric volcanic activity responsible for extensive surface sculpting on Earth, such as the Deccan Traps and the North Atlantic Igneous Province.
According to the researchers, Mars would be the third planet in the Solar System to have mantle plume activity, joining Earth and Venus.
It’s a result that has some interesting implications for Mars. Interior heating could keep lakes beneath the Martian surface from freezing solid, rather than surface volcanoes spewing lava everywhere. This has implications for the search for Martian life, as microbes may be hiding in such lakes, living their quiet lives unnoticed by humans.Titan is an strange world, resembling Earth if the land was made of water ice, rivers and seas were filled with liquid methane and other hydrocarbons, and the atmosphere was thick and hazy, dotted with methane clouds. According to a NASA statement, the James Webb Space Telescope (Webb or JWST) has now observed two of those clouds during observations on November 4 that have thrilled scientists.
"Fantastic! Love seeing the cloud and the obvious albedo markings," Heidi Hammel, a planetary scientist at the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy and a project lead for JWST’s solar system work, wrote in an email shared in the statement, referring to glimpses of bright and dark regions of Titan’s surface.
Conor Nixon, an astronomer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, arranged for JWST to study Titan for a total of 15 hours during its first year. Nixon’s team, in particular, wants to explore Titan’s atmosphere, with the goal of mapping the distribution of haze and identifying new gases, among other goals.
As they combed through the data, the researchers discovered not one, but two clouds, one of which was intriguingly located over Kraken Mare, Titan’s largest sea. The scientists were soon inspired to find a way to revisit those clouds in order to better understand how they changed over time. The team contacted the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, which was able to obtain Titan observations just two days after JWST.
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