Iran and Europe on two paths

Iran and Europe remain divided over how to rebuild mutual trust and sustain dialogue. Talks between representatives from both sides continue, and there is discussion of reopening diplomatic channels in Tehran and European capitals. However, the absence of trust and a framework for confidence-building undermines any potential for clarity in the future of their relations.

Europe is dissatisfied with Iran’s actions regarding its nuclear commitments, particularly what it sees as Iran’s neglect of its obligations under the JCPOA.