Assessment of changes in intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac output induced by liver compression in healthy anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs

by Daeyun Seo, Seongsoo Lim, Beomkwan Namgoong, Heesung Uhm, Hyeajeong Hong, Nanju Lee, Isong Kim, Seunghun Heo, Ji Hwan Kang, Cheyoun Kim, Hayoung Shin, Jiwoong Her, Min Su Kim

Objective

Liver compression (LC) has been proposed to predict fluid responsiveness in human pediatric patients. Because the evaluation of fluid responsiveness through LC depends on the mechanism of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), understanding the impact of LC on IAP, cardiac output (CO), and respiratory parameters is essential. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of LC on these parameters.

Methods

The present study used six healthy beagles. All dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and allowed to breathe spontaneously in dorsal recumbency. After instrumentation, LC was performed at four different pressures in a sequential, non-randomized manner: (1) 10 mmHg, approximately half of the minimum value within the range; (2) 22 mmHg, a commonly used pressure within the range; (3) 44 mmHg, twice the pressure of the minimum value within the range; and (4) 60 mmHg, twice the pressure of the maximum value within the range. At each pressure, CO via transthoracic echocardiography, IAP, and cardiorespiratory parameters were measured before, during, and after LC.

Results

Overall, our results showed that the IAP was significantly increased at all pressures during LC (P < 0.001), yielding a linear correlation between LC pressure and IAP (P < 0.001; r² = 0.89). The maximum IAP during LC was 7 mmHg, and intra-abdominal hypertension was not induced. LC at 22 mmHg significantly increased the IAP by 1.7 mmHg, but did not significantly alter the CO or respiratory parameters.

Conclusions

This is the first study to evaluate the effects of LC on IAP, CO, and respiratory parameters in healthy, anesthetized, and spontaneously breathing dogs. Our findings indicate that applying LC with a commonly used pressure may have a low risk of inducing intra-abdominal hypertension and related complications. Further studies are required to explore the use of LC in various clinical settings.